The informed consent leaflet “Cardiac Valve Operation (ChT 4b)” is suitable for all reconstruction procedures and for replacement by mechanical or biological prostheses for all 4 cardiac valves. It describes the open procedure by means of sternotomy using a HLM and minimally invasive access. Figures illustrate the anatomy of the heart and the way the bloodstream takes through the 4 cardiac valves; they also show models of cardiac valve prostheses by way of example and the condition after reconstruction procedures.
